(*Offered in alternate years)
(**Offered if sufficient student interest exists)

| Undergraduate | Graduate |

UNDERGRADUATE COURSES

BS100 Concepts in Biology
4 semester credit hours
4 lecture hours per week
A general survey of biology at the cellular, tissue, organismal, and population levels.

BS101 Biological Sciences Orientation
1 semester credit hour
1 class hour
Introduction to the biological sciences including current development and future prospects. Designed to present an overview of the field, including career opportunities. Required for all first-year biology and microbiology students; open to all interested students.

BS103 General Biology I
4 semester credit hours
3 lecture/3 lab hours
Basic principles of biology with emphasis on the scientific method, cellular structure and function, cellular respiration, cellular division, protein synthesis, metabolism, and genetics. Required for pharmacy, occupational and physical therapy, pharmacology/toxicology and open majors.

BS104 General Biology II
4 semester credit hours
3 lecture/3 lab hours
A continuation of basic principles of biology with emphasis on evolution, morphology and diversity of organisms within the 5 kingdoms of life, ecology, animal behavior, and environmental biology.

BS130 Introductory Biology
4 semester credit hours
3 lecture/3 lab hours
An introduction to some basic biological principles including molecular biology, cell biology, energetics, and evolution. Required for biochemistry, biology, chemistry, medical technology, pharmaceutical chemistry and microbiology majors.

BS131 Introductory Biology II
4 semester credit hours
3 lecture/3 lab hours
Further study of basic biological systems with emphasis on plant and animal biology and diversity. (Prerequisite: BS130)

BS200 Animal Diversity and Morphology
3 semester credit hours
2 lecture/3 lab hours
An introduction to the natural history, diversity and functional anatomy of animals stressing the theme of evolution. (Prerequisite: BS104 or BS131 or permission of instructor)

BS204 Biological Sciences Colloquium
1 semester credit hour
1 class hour
Introduction to faculty research; preparation for careers in biology, microbiology, environmental science, and the health professions.

BS212 Functional Human Anatomy and Histology
3 semester credit hours
3 class hours
A systems oriented study of human anatomy incorporating histological support for macro and micro structure and function. Required for second year pharmacy and third year medical technology majors. (Prerequisites: BS104 or BS131 or permission of instructor).

BS218 Hematology
3 semester credit hours
2 lecture/3 lab hours
Study of the blood and blood forming tissues with emphasis on the cellular morphology and hematopoiesis mechanisms of the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Also covers a wide variety of clinical disorders, particularly those involving abnormally formed cellular elements and coagulation. (Prerequisites: BS104 or BS131 or permission of instructor)

BS219 Basic Nutrition
3 semester credit hours
3 class hours
A basic course in understanding nutrition and its implications in the maintenance of good health. (Prerequisites: BS104 or BS131, and CH104 or CH112)

BS220 Plant Diversity and Morphology
3 semester credit hours
2 lecture/3 lab hours
A study of the diversity that exists within the plant kingdom. Topics include evolutionary trends, structure-functional relationships, and ecological influences. (Prerequisites: BS104 or BS131 or permission of instructor)

BS221 Economic Botany
3 semester credit hours
3 class hours
Plants of economic importance. Emphasis on description, constituents, distribution, processing, marketing, and use. (Prerequisite: BS104 or BS131 or permission of instructor)

BS240 Basics of Microbiology
4 semester credit hours
3 lecture/3 lab hours
The biology of microorganisms and their roles in the living world. The lecture emphasizes microbial structure, growth, metabolism and diversity. The laboratory presents standard methods for laboratory isolation and culture of microorganisms as well as microbial identification. (Prerequisites: BS104 or BS131, CH104 or CH112)

BS241 Microbiology
4 semester credit hours
3 lecture/3 lab hours
Introduction to classification and control of microorganisms. Emphasis is placed on microbial diseases, their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention, and treatments of choice. This course is designed for pharmacy majors. (Prerequisites: BS104 or BS131 or equivalent)

BS255 Fundamentals of Immunology
2 semester credit hours
2 class hours
Study of the basic principles and mechanisms of immunology and their applications to transplantation, infection, cancer, AIDS, hypersensitivity, autoimmunity and reproduction. Required for third year pharmacy majors. (Prerequisites: BS104 or permission of instructor)

BS270* Evolutionary Biology
3 semester credit hours
3 class hours
Principles of evolution and a study of the forces that drive change in population and organisms. (Prerequisite: BS104 or BS131 or permission of instructor)

BS275* Environmental Biology
3 semester credit hours
2 lecture/3 lab hours
Effects of man's activities and natural environmental variation on the survival and activity of plants and animals. (Prerequisite: BS104 or BS131 or permission of instructor)

BS280* Comparative Animal Physiology
3 semester credit hours
3 class hours
Study of organ and system functions in major invertebrate and vertebrate phyla. (Prerequisites: BS104 or BS131, CH104 or CH112.

BS305 Animal Behavior
4 semester credit hours
3 lecture/3 lab hours
An introduction to the proximate causes and ultimate consequences of behavioral strategies used by individuals within a population. Specific questions concerning the behavior of individuals and populations of individuals are explored in a mechanistic and evolutionary context. (Prerequisite: BS104 or BS131 or permission of the instructor)

BS308 Human Parasitology
3 semester credit hours
2 lecture/3 lab hours
Survey of the distribution, incidence, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, control, and immunology of important parasitic diseases in humans. (Prerequisite: BS104 or BS131 or permission of instructor)

BS310 Anatomy & Physiology I
3 semester credit hours
3 class hours
A systemic approach to the structure and function of component units of the mammalian organism with primary emphasis on the human. Organ systems studied include the integumentary, skeletal, muscular and nervous systems. (Prerequisite: BS104 or BS131 or permission of instructor)

BS311 Anatomy and Physiology II
3 semester credit hours
3 class hours
A systemic approach to the structure and function of component units of the mammalian organism with primary emphasis on the human. Organ systems studied include circulatory, respiratory, digestive and excretory systems. (Prerequisite: BS310 or permission of instructor)

BS325** Plant Physiology
4 semester credit hours
3 lecture/3 lab hours
Study of metabolism, development, water relations, and mineral nutrition of higher plants with molecular, cellular, and organismal considerations. (Prerequisites: BS104 or BS131, and CH202 or CH212)

BS332 Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture
2 semester credit hours
1 lecture/3 lab hours
Introduction to the theory, practice and the biotechnical applications of culturing plant cells, tissues, and organs. (Prerequisite: BS104 or BS131 or permission of instructor)

BS336 Pharmacognosy
2 semester credit hours
2 class hours
Survey of chemistry, biosynthesis, and activity of medicinal substances of natural origin. Emphasis on natural products having clinical, ecological, agricultural, and forensic importance. (Prerequisite: BS104 or BS131 or permission of instructor)

BS337** Marine Pharmacognosy
2 semester credit hours
2 class hours
Survey of nature and taxonomy of biotoxic marine organisms; and consideration of chemistry and biological activity of drugs of marine origin. (Prerequisites: BS336 or BS200 and CH202 or CH212 or permission of instructor)

BS338 Analysis of Natural Products
3 semester credit hours
2 lecture/3 lab hours
Survey of qualitative and quantitative microscopic and chemical procedures for analysis of economically important natural products and drugs of abuse. (Prerequisites: BS240 or BS241 and CH202 or CH212)

BS339 Toxic Natural Products
3 semester credit hours
3 class hours
Description and recognition, distribution and habitat, toxic characteristics of potentially hazardous plants, and clinical management of intoxication with such substances. (Prerequisite: BS104 or BS131 or permission of instructor)

BS342 Advanced Microbiology
4 semester credit hours
3 lecture/3 lab hours
An advanced level continuation of Basics of Microbiology. The topics presented in lecture and laboratory are designed to prepare the student for a career in microbiology and to provide an overview of techniques applicable to contemporary microbial research. (Prerequisites: BS240 or BS241 or permission of instructor)

BS347 Applied Microbiology
3 semester credit hours
2 lecture/3 credit lab hours
Industrial applications of microbiology are emphasized. Methods for microbial fermentation; harvesting and processing of microbial applications in food processing; plus microbiological quality control methods for food, water and commercial products are presented in lecture and/or laboratory. (Prerequisite: BS240 or BS241)

BS348 Clinical Microbiology
4 semester credit hours
3 lecture/3 lab hours
A survey of the various bacteria that cause human infections. For each group of organisms the type of infection caused, portal of entry, molecular basis of the infection process, treatment and laboratory identification is discussed. (Prerequisite: BS240 or BS241 or equivalent)

BS355 Clinical Immunology
3 semester credit hours
2 lecture/3 lab hours
Basic principles and types of immunity. Consideration of transplantation, AIDS, hypersensitivity and tumor immunology of the human. Laboratory methods of serodiagnosis of disease and blood and tissue typing are emphasized. (Prerequisite: BS240 or BS241)

BS372** Aquatic Biology
4 semester credit hours
3 lecture/3 lab hours
A lecture and field course concerning the biological, physical and chemical aspects of freshwater ecosystems. Includes collection, preservation and recognition of aquatic organisms other than vertebrates and studies of those aspects of their biology that are important adaptations to aquatic life. (Prerequisites: BS104 or BS131 and permission of instructor)

BS377* Ecology
4 semester credit hours
3 lecture/3 lab hours
Consideration of the interaction of living things with the environment. Aquatic, terrestrial, and marine systems are examined. (Prerequisite: BS104 or BS131 or permission of instructor)

BS399 Independent Study in Biological Sciences
1-3 semester credit hours
1-3 conference hours/study time
Available to motivated students to expand their knowledge in an area of particular interest under the direction of a member of the Department. Student and faculty member must plan a project prior to the semester in which the study is to begin. (Prerequisite: permission of instructor and Department Chair; may be elected more than once)

BS404* Animal Developmental Biology
2 semester credit hours
2 class hours
Analysis of the basic phenomena and patterns of animal development at the cellular level from fertilization through the formation of the major embryonic organs. (Prerequisite: BS311; may be taken concurrently)

BS412 Human Physiology
4 semester credit hours
4 lecture hours
Functional analysis of human organ systems at molecular, cellular and gross levels. This course is designed for physical therapy majors. (Prerequisite: PT570 or permission of instructor)

BS427** Plant Developmental Biology
3 semester credit hours
2 lecture/3 lab hours
Development of vascular and nonvascular plants at molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. Emphasis on development in relation to hormone interactions, mineral nutrition, and reproduction. (Prerequisite: BS325 or permission of instructor)

BS440 Environmental Toxicology
3 semester credit hours
3 class hours
Physiological and systemic interaction of environmental pollutants with plants and animals. (Prerequisite: BS280 or BS311 or PC302 or permission of the instructor; CH341 is desirable)

BS450 Virology
3 semester credit hours
3 class hours
The study of bacterial, plant and animal viruses is presented with an emphasis on animal virology. Viral taxonomy; mechanisms of viral reproduction and replication; plus the pathology of selected viral families are presented. (Prerequisites: BS240 or BS241 and CH341 or permission of the instructor

BS453 Microbial Physiology
4 semester credit hours
4 class hours
Survey of bacterial morphology, factors affecting growth characteristics of bacterial populations biosynthetic processes, and biochemical and genetic factors that control these processes. Mechanisms of antibiotic activity, development of resistance, and methods of antibiotic testing. (Prerequisites: BS240 or BS241 and CH342 or CH343)

BS456 Immunobiology
4 semester credit hours
4 class hours
Basic principles of immunology with emphasis on the chemistry and genetics of immunogens, antibodies, and immune responses. Consideration of tissue transplantation, tumor immunology, immunogenetics, immunodeficiency, immunoproliferative diseases, and psychoimmunology. (Prerequisites: BS240 or BS241, CH342 or CH343 or permission of instructor)

BS461 Cell Biology
4 semester credit hours
3 lecture/3 lab hours
Analysis of the cell at all levels of organization and a review of techniques used in the study of cells. (Prerequisite: CH202 or CH212)

BS466 Genetics
4 semester credit hours
3 lecture/3 lab hours
Fundamental concepts, principles and applications of microbial, classical and molecular genetics. (Prerequisite: CH341)

BS471* Environmental Law
3 semester credit hours
3 class hours
Major environmental legislation at both state and federal levels; problems of regulation. Required course for environmental science majors; open to all other qualified students. (Prerequisites: EC101 and PO101, or permission of instructor)

BS472* Principles of Environmental Risk Assessment
3 semester credit hours
3 class hours
Study of factors relating to environmental risk assessment in a variety of situations. Emphasis on the methodology of risk assessment. Required of environmental science majors; open to all other qualified students. (Prerequisite: BS275 or BS377, or permission of instructor)

BS490** Special Topics in Biology
Variable, 2-3 credit hours
Variable, 2-3 class hours
Bioscience topics of special interest not included in regular courses offered by a faculty member of the Department. Students are expected to have motivation and self-direction greater than would normally be required in a regular course. May be taken more than once. (Prerequisite: permission of instructor and Department Chair)

BS493 Biology Seminar I
1 semester credit hour
1 class hour
Oral and written presentation of topics of current biological interest presented by the students. Required of all fourth year biology and microbiology majors; open to all interested students. Designed to provide experience in analysis of scientific problems. (Prerequisite: Fourth year status or permission of instructor)

BS494 Biology Seminar II
1 semester credit hour
1 class hour
Continuation of BS493

BS499 Directed Research in Biological Sciences
1-3 semester credit hours
3-12 laboratory hours plus 1 conference hour
Independent research for motivated students under the direction of a faculty member of the Department. Provides experience in principles and process of the scientific method and biological research. Student and faculty must plan a project prior to the semester in which the research is to begin. (Prerequisite: permission of instructor and Department Chair; may be elected more than once)

GL275* Environmental Geology
3 semester credits
3 class hours
Relationships between human activities and the geological environment. Includes the study of natural hazards, natural resources and waste disposal in the geological environment. Required for students majoring in environmental science; open to all others. (Prerequisites: BS104 or BS131, and CH102 or CH112, or permission of instructor)

GL289 Earth and Space Science
4 semester credit hours
3 lecture/3 lab hours
A comprehensive introduction to physical and historical geology and astronomy. Earth's internal and external processes and characteristics, significance of fossils, character and origin of selected geological formations. Current cosmological concepts and theories, basic astronomic techniques. This course is designed for seniors enrolled in the science education program; open to all students.

GRADUATE COURSES

BS 704 Animal Developmental Biology
2 semester credit hours
2 class hours
Analysis of the basic phenomena and patterns of animal development from fertilization through the formation of the major organs. The student will develop an understanding of the cellular and molecular processes which regulate animal embryonic development with an emphasis on current literature.

BS 716 Neuromuscular Physiology
3 semester credit hours
3 class hours
An analysis of the development and physiology of the motor and sensory portions of the nervous system and of muscle contraction. Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to demonstrate an advanced understanding of the structure and function of cardiac, smooth and skeletal muscle and associated neural tissues, cellular interaction and embryological development of these tissues, membrane and nerve action potentials, neuromuscular transmission leading to muscle contraction, and the components of the motor control system.

BS 722 Chemotaxonomy
2 semester credit hours
2 class hours
Contemporary concepts of classification of plants into "chemical families," and relationship of new classification systems to classical taxonomy. The student will develop an appreciation of the continued importance of classical taxonomy and the philosophy (lumping vs. splitting) and legalism (taxonomy rules and regulations) of the current system. The student will appreciate the relatively newer approaches being taken to define the "species" based on modern biological (genetics, pattern recognition analysis) and chemical (chemotaxonomy) concepts.

BS 724 Plant Biochemistry
2 semester credit hours
2 class hours
Biosynthetic mechanisms of the plant; biogenesis of alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, volatile oils, tannin, flavonoids, and other plant principles. The student will learn the primary products of plant photosynthesis and their importance in the nutrition and function of the organism. The student will learn the plant biosynthesis of certain taxonomic groups and the unique nature of secondary metabolites and their purported importance to plants and other organisms including man.

BS 736 Advanced Pharmacognosy
3 semester credit hours
3 class hours
This course builds on information provided in Pharmacognosy (BS336).

BS 750 Virology
3 semester credit hours
3 class hours
The focus of the course will be the study of bacterial, plant, and animal viruses with a focus on viral genetics and animal virology. Viral taxonomy, mechanisms of viral reproduction and replication, and the pathology of selected viral families will be emphasized. The student will develop an understanding of virion structure, viral taxonomy, and the nature of the viral/host relationship. The student will demonstrate the ability to integrate structural, biochemical, and genetic information about viruses with viral pathology and the host immune response.

BS 752 Advanced Immunology
3 semester credit hours
3 class hours
The principles of immunology will be presented with emphasis on cellular and molecular interactions. The genetic factors that govern immune mechanisms will be described. Application of immunological principles to tissue implantation, hypersensitivity, tumor development and therapy, AIDS, psycho-neuro influences on the immune system, and aging will be discussed. (Prerequisites: one semester each of microbiology, genetics and biochemistry, or permission of instructor)

BS 761 Advanced Cell Biology
3 semester credit hour
3 class hours
This course will be presented in a lecture/seminar format and will cover current "hot" topics in cell biology. This course is designed to give the student a working knowledge of the most recent advances in cell biology. Students will be required to critically analyze the current literature and develop topics for presentation.

BS 762 Biological Membranes
3 semester credit hours
3 class hours
This course is designed to provide an in-depth analysis of the structure, synthesis and function of cellular membranes. The students will be required to understand and integrate the structural and functional aspects of cell membranes with emphasis on the current literature.

BS 763 Cell Biology Methods
3 semester credit hours
2 lecture hours and 3-4 laboratory hours
This course is designed to provide experience in methodologies and techniques commonly used in a modern cell biology laboratory setting. The lecture portion of the course will provide a theoretical background and detailed instructions for completing the laboratory exercises. Each student will be required to develop an understanding of the theory and process of separations and analysis of biochemical and cellular systems. At the end of the course, the students should understand, SDS-PAGE, affinity chromatography, HPLC analysis, cell manipulation, ELISAs, and fluorescence microscopy.

BS 764 Biotechnology
3 semester credit hours
3 class hours
In-depth study of the techniques and applications of recombinant DNA technology with emphasis on current literature. Each student will learn techniques of recombinant DNA technology, develop an understanding of the biotechnology industry with emphasis on product development, and become aware of the ethical issues concerning biotechnology.

BS 765 Biotechnology Laboratory
2 semester credit hour
4 laboratory hours
This laboratory course will provide students the opportunity to gain hands-on experience in recombinant DNA technology, experimental design principles and data analysis. The students will gain experience with the techniques of recombinant DNA technology, learn problem-solving in a biotechnology context, learn experimental design principles, generate successful results, and perform data analysis.

BS 767 Cell Biology Methods Laboratory
2 semester credit hours
1 pre-lab hour/3-4 lab hours
Laboratory practice in methodologies found in a cell biology or biochemistry laboratory environment. Typical projects may include extraction and analysis of proteins, enzyme purification and characterization, pulse field gel electrophoresis of DNA, densitometric analysis of gels, ELISA analysis, and fluorescence microscopy of cellular components. The course is designed to be the laboratory portion of Cell Biology Methods, BS 763. (Prerequisite: one semester of cell biology and biochemistry, or permission of instructor)

BS 768 Biochemical Genetics
2 semester credit hours
2 class hours
Topics of current interest in molecular biology and molecular genetics are explored using the current literature. (Prerequisites: one semester each of genetics and biochemistry, or permission of instructor)

BS 785 Introduction to Research
2-4 semester credit hours
6-12 conference and laboratory hours
This course is designed for students who are beginning the research phase of the thesis project or who are attempting to decide between the thesis and non-thesis options. The course consists of at least two rotations in the laboratories of department faculty. (Prerequisites: permission of the instructor and the Program Director)

BS 790 Project in Cell Biology and Biotechnology
3 semester credit hours
6-10 conference/laboratory hours
Graduate students will perform a graduate level project under the direction of an Advisor. This project may take one of several forms but must include a comprehensive literature search, a written paper and an oral presentation to the graduate faculty of the department.

BS799 Master's Research
1-12 semester credit hours
3-4 laboratory hurs for each credit
Candidates for the Master of Science in Cell Biology and Biotechnology (thesis option) are required to complete a research project under the direction of an advisor chosen from within the department.

BS 826 Cellular Plant Development
2 semester credit hours
2 lecture hours
This course will cover the principles of the development of plants at the molecular and cellular levels. Emphasis will be on development in relation to hormone interactions, reproduction, and the plant genome. The student will develop in-depth knowledge of recent developments in molecular plant physiology, cellular organization, plant reproductive biology, and plant developmental processes.

BS 860 Special Topics in Cell Biology and Biotechnology
2-3 semester credit hours
2-3 class hours
This course is designed to allow in-depth exploration of one of a variety of topics of current interest in the field. The general topic will be designated by the instructor. A variety of formats may be used, including lecture, presentations, papers, and discussion. The student will develop in-depth knowledge of recent developments relevant to recent practice and the state of knowledge in a topic of interest.

BS 862 Biological Membranes
3 semester credit hours
3 class hours
This course is designed to provide an in-depth analysis of the structure, synthesis and function of cellular membranes with emphasis on the current literature. (Prerequisite: one semester of cell biology and biochemistry, or permission of instructor)

BS 898 Graduate Seminar
1 semester credit hour
1 class hour
Current literature topics in cell biology and biotechnology will be analyzed and presented orally. Writing of a topic abstract, summary or proposal presentation, and use of visual aids will be critiqued. This course is designed to require the student to read and analyze scientific literature critically and to communicate both orally and in writing. Students will pick a cell biology or biotechnology topic from the current literature, thoroughly analyze the topic, and prepare an oral presentation and a written abstract and/or summary, or proposal.

BS899 Doctoral Research
variable credit
Candidates for the Doctor of Philosophy degree are required to fulfill their research requirements under the direction of a member of the Department.